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The CRLC collection of on line publications accessible through YorkSpace includes a variety of articles or books produced by the members of CRLC. The CRLC members have written several thousands of publications in the area of Language and Culture Contact. Thus, the CRLC collection of on line publications has the potential of providing researchers and the general public with a significant database on studies in Language and Culture Contact. However, before a given publication is posted on the YorkSpace on line repository, many steps must be taken (e.g. bibliographical identification, authorization from the authors and publishers, scanning of older publications, indexing). Consequently, expansion of the on line collection of CRLC publications can only proceed gradually.
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Browsing CRLC Publications by Author "39caf094877373de7665bf3a1cefe007"
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Item Open Access Blistering barnacles! What language do multilinguals swear in?(Universidade de Vigo, 2004) Dewaele, Jean-MarcThe present contribution focuses on the effects of language dominance / attrition, context of acquisition, age of onset of learning, frequency of general use of a language and sociodemographic variables on self-reported language choice for swearing. The analysis is based on a database to which 1039 multilinguals contributed through a web based questionnaire. Results suggest that, according to the self-reports, swearing happens most frequently in the multilinguals’ dominant language. Mixed instruction, an early start in the learning process, and frequent use of a language all contribute to the choice of that language for swearing. Sociodemographic variables were not found to have any effect. Frequency of language choice for swearing was found to be positively correlated with perceived emotional force of swearwords in that language. Quantitative results based on answers to close-ended questions corresponded to participants’ responses to open-ended questions.Item Open Access Dites-moi tu?! La perception de la diffculté du système des pronoms d'adresse en français(Les Publications de l'Université de Provence, 2006) Dewaele, Jean-Marc; Planchenault, GaëlleItem Open Access Enquête sur le Choix du pronom d'allocution en français natif et non-natif(CVC. Cervantes es., 2003) Dewaele, Jean-MarcItem Metadata only Is it the corruption of French thought processes that purists fear? A Response to Henriette Walter(Multilingual Matters & Channel View Publications, 1999) Dewaele, Jean-MarcThe arguments put forward by purists in defence of the French language are based on the idea of the genius of French and of French clarity. Meschonnic (1997) notes that these concepts are akin to myths and originate from the history of several domains: language, grammar, linguistics, literature, culture, politics and philosophy (1997: 26). Perceived in the light of these myths, French can be presented as clear, perfect, immutable, rich, universal and pure. In her contribution, Henriette Walter does not give an explicit opinion about the attitude of purists, but does indicate her disagreement with this myth of the perfection, richness, purity and fixed state of the French language. She clearly supports a welcoming attitude since she presents French as a host language that is enriched by foreign words, but does introduce some distinctions. When it comes to recent anglicisms, she questions whether there are really as many borrowings as people suppose, and disapproves of borrowed words which parallel existing French words. What Henriette Walter does not do however, is to define the criteria which makes a borrowed word an acceptable part of the language. We also need to identify the moment when 'consensus' and 'purity' mesh into one.Item Metadata only Le dérèglement du système de pensée français : l'angoisse secrète des puristes? Réponse à Henriette Walter French: an accommodating language?(Multilingual Matters & Channel View Publications, 1999) Dewaele, Jean-MarcItem Open Access Maîtriser la norme sociolinguistique en interlangue française : le cas de l'omission variable de 'ne'(Cambridge University Press - Copyright holder: Cambridge University Press - Http://journals.canbridge.org, 2002) Dewaele, Jean-Marc; Regan, VeraL'acquisition de la norme sociolinguistique française pose des problèmes considérables aux locuteurs non-natifs. L'analyse de la variation dans l'omission du ne dans un corpus d'interlangue avancée de 27 apprenants néerlandophones interviewés dans une situation informelle et formelle confirme que l'instruction formelle est insuffisante pour la maîtrise de la norme sociolinguistique native. Une majorité de locuteurs omettent le ne un peu moins souvent dans une situation formelle mais la variation va dans le sens opposé pour une minorité de locuteurs. L'observation et surtout la participation à des interactions authentiques avec des locuteurs natifs stimulent l'acquisition de la norme sociolinguistique. Une analyse statistique révèle que différentes variables socio-biographiques, psychologiques et situationnelles déterminent la variation intra- et interindividuelle dans les taux d'omission du ne.Item Open Access Multilinguals' language choice for mental calculation(Mouton Publishers, 2007) Dewaele, Jean-MarcThe present study investigates self-reported language choice for mental calculations among 1,454 adult multilinguals from a variety of linguistic, social and ethnic backgrounds. As mental calculation is a complex cognitive operation involving both language-dependent and language independent processes, we sought to establish a baseline of first language (L1) or foreign language(s) (LX) use for mental calculation and identify the factors that influence multilinguals’ choice of language for mental calculation. A series of multiple regression analyses on calculation in the L1, L2, L3 and L4 showed that the following variables (in decreasing order) are the best predictors of language choice: frequency of general use, self-perceived proficiency in writing, socialization in the LX, context of acquisition, communicative and/or foreign language anxiety, perceived usefulness, and age of onset of acquisition. These variables explained over 40 percent of the variance in the foreign languages.Item Metadata only Predicting language learners' grades in the L1, L2, L3 and L4: the effect of some psychological and sociocognitive variables(Multilingual Matters & Channel View Publications, 2007) Dewaele, Jean-MarcThis study of 89 Flemish high-school students' grades for L1 (Dutch), L2 French), L3 (English) and L4 (German) investigates the effects of three higher-level ersonality dimensions (psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism), one lower-level personality dimension (foreign language anxiety) and sociobiographical variables (gender, social class) on the participants' language grades. Analyses of variance revealed no significant effects of the higher-level personality dimensions on grades. Participants with high levels of foreign language anxiety obtained significantly lower grades in the L2 and L3. Gender and social class had no effect. Strong positive correlations between grades in the different languages could point to an underlying sociocognitive dimension. The implications of these findings are discussed.Item Open Access Saisir l'insaisissable ? Les mesures de longueur d'énoncés en linguistique appliquée(Mouton Publishers, 2000) Dewaele, Jean-MarcThe utterance is a widely used linguistic unit. It seems, however, to escape every attempt to define it unequivocally. There seems to be a consensus in applied linguistics that a fuzzy combination of syntactic, semantic and prosodic clues are necessary to identify the boundaries of an utterance. Drawing upon our own research in advanced French interlanguage, we present an analysis of the measure "Mean Length of Utterance" (MLU), widely used in studies on first language acquisition and speech disorders and, to a lesser extent, in second language acquisition. MLU is shown to be methodologically unreliable for adult speech. We argue that other measures of utterance length, like the MLU3, are sounder and can help to gain a better understanding of synchronic variation in speech.Item Open Access Sociodemographic, psychological and politico-cultural correlates in Flemish students' attitude toward French and English(Multilingual Matters & Channel View Publications, 2005) Dewaele, Jean-MarcAn analysis of 100 Flemish high-school students' attitudes towards French and English (both foreign languages) revealed complex links etween personality factors, gender, politicocultural identity, communicative behaviour and foreign language attitudes. Attitudes towards English were found to be much more positive than those towards French, despite the fact that the participants had enjoyed a longer and more intense formal instruction in French (it being their second language). The independent variables were found to have stronger effects for French than for English, with the exception of politicocultural identity of the participant, which had a strong effect on attitudes towards French but not English. Overall, it seems that social factors, including exposure to the foreign languages, are linked with lowerlevel personality dimensions and thus shape attitudes towards these languages.Item Open Access The acquisition of sociolinguistic competence in French as a foreign language: An overview(Cambridge University Press - Copyright holder: Cambridge University Press - Http://journals.canbridge.org, 2004) Dewaele, Jean-MarcThe present contribution presents an overview of studies in French as a second (L2) and/or foreign language that consider the effects of extralinguistic variables (mostly instructional, experiential and situational factors) on the development of sociolinguistic competence. It focuses specifically on variation between informal and formal variants in phonology, morphology, morpho-syntax and the lexicon.Item Metadata only The emotional force of swearwords and taboo words in the speech of multilinguals(Multilingual Matters & Channel View Publications, 2004) Dewaele, Jean-MarcThis paper investigates the perception of emotional force of swearwords and taboo words (S-T words) among 1039 multilinguals. It is based on data drawn from a large database collected through a web questionnaire on bilingualism and emotions. t-Tests revealed that the perceived emotional force of S-T words is highest in the L1 and gradually lower in languages learned subsequently. Self-reported L1 attriters were found to judge S-T words in their L1 to be less powerful than those who are still dominant in their L1. Participants who learned their language(s) in a naturalistic–or partly naturalistic–context gave higher ratings on emotional force of S-T words in that language than instructed language learners. Self-rated proficiency in a language and frequency of use of language significantly predicted perception of emotional force of S-T words. Age of onset of learning was found to only predict perception of emotional force of S-T words in the L2.Item Open Access Une distinction mesurable : corpus oraux et écrits sur le continuum de la deixis(Cambridge University Press - Copyright holder: Cambridge University Press - Http://journals.canbridge.org, 2001) Dewaele, Jean-MarcL'opposition oral/écrit est analysée à travers la variation dans les proportions des catégories grammaticales dans vingt-et-un corpus oraux et écrits italiens, néerlandais, français et d'interlangue française. Une analyse factorielle permet d'extraire une dimension unique sur laquelle s'opposent deux groupes de catégories grammaticales. Les substantifs, les articles, les adjectifs et les prépositions se situent près du pôle négatif tandis que les pronoms, les verbes, les adverbes, les interjections et les conjonctions se situent près du pôle positif de cette dimension qui reflète le continuum de la deixis. Les corpus oraux se situent près du pôle déictique/implicite et s'opposent aux corpus écrits qui se rapprochent du pôle explicite du continuum. Les énoncés oraux sont davantage ancrés dans le contexte spatio-temporel du locuteur tandis que le discours écrit est généralement plus indépendant du contexte spatio-temporel, ce qui explique son caractère plus nominal et sa proportion plus importante de mots essentiellement non-déictiques ou explicites.Item Open Access Variation synchronique des taux d'exactitude(Mouton Publishers, 1994) Dewaele, Jean-MarcThis paper examines the effect of formality in 3 different situations on the oral production of advanced French interlanguage. An analysis of the morphological and lexical systems of 39 Dutch-speaking students revealed that, contrary to predictions (Tarone, 1988, 1992), the more formal situation does not lead to higher accuracy rates. On the contrary, a small but significant decrease in global morpholexical accuray rates was observed in the extracts produced in the more formal situation. This rather surprising pattern was explained using Levelt's (1989) monitor theory. An ANOVA allowed for the identifcation of the sociobiographical factors that determine interindividual variation in accuracy rates.Item Open Access Variation, chaos et système en interlangue française(DEPA-Université Paris VIII, 2002) Dewaele, Jean-MarcLa présente étude considère le phénomène d'instabilité dans le choix des pronoms d'adresse (vous et tu) en français natif et non-natif. Nous arguons que la théorie du chaos et de la complexité offre des concepts utiles pour décrire les interactions extrêmement complexes qui déterminent le choix des pronoms d'adresse. L'usage dépend premièrement du niveau de compétence grammaticale des apprenants et deuxièmement de leur niveau de compétence sociolinguistique. Ce savoir est d'abord de nature explicite, stocké dans la mémoire déclarative, et est reconstruit plus tard comme savoir implicite dans la mémoire implicite. Ce n'est que lorsque les apprenants ont développé les représentations conceptuelles nécessaires sur l'usage "approprié" du vouvoiement et du tutoiement qu'ils peuvent se rapprocher de l'usage variable des natifs. Tant que ces représentations conceptuelles sont incomplètes, les apprenants ont des taux d'usage très dispersés.Item Open Access Vous or tu ? Native and non-native speakers of French on a sociolinguistic tight rope(Mouton Publishers, 2004) Dewaele, Jean-MarcSociolinguistic rules governing choice of pronouns of address are notoriously difficult in French, despite the fact that the number of variants is rather limited: the more formal vous versus the more informal tu. Children with French as L1 learn to use pronouns of address appropriately as part of their socialization process. The learning curve is much steeper for instructed learners of French and many never reach the summit. The present contribution focuses on the effects of situational and sociobiographical variables on the self-reported and actual use of pronouns of address in native and non-native French. Data on self-reported pronoun use in different situations were collected from 125 participants through a written questionnaire. A corpus of conversations between native (n = 9) and non-native (n = 52) speakers of French provided data on the actual use of address pronouns.