Department of Psychology
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Browsing Department of Psychology by Subject "adults"
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Item Open Access Longitudinal analysis of the relationship between changes in smoking and changes in drinking in a community sample: The Winnipeg Health and Drinking Survey.(American Psychological Association, 2002-05) Murray, Robert P.; Istvan, Joseph A.; Cribbie, Robert; Barnes, Gordon E.Smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol are positively correlated in cross-sectional studies of the general population. However, it is unclear whether changes in quantity of drinking over time are related to changes in amount of smoking over time. This investigation examined, with structural equation modeling, the relationship of changes in drinking to changes in smoking over 2 years among 344 adults who reported cigarette smoking and alcohol use at baseline in 1989-1990 or at follow-up in 1991-1992 or both. Surprisingly, no significant relationships were found between changes in smoking and changes in drinking. This lack of effect suggests that changes in the quantity or intensity of drinking and of smoking are not related in any important way in nonclinical populations.Item Open Access Services for Adults and Adolescents with ASD in Ontario—Parent and Professional Perspectives(Ontario Association on Developmental Disabilities, 2010) White, Stacey E.; Weiss, JonathanThe present study aimed to examine the availability, accessibility, and effectiveness of services for adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Ontario, as perceived by parents and professionals in the field. Attendees at a 2008 Autism Ontario conference (N = 175) responded to a survey designed by the organization and rated each of these aspects for 11 specific services. Data analyses revealed a disparity in participants’ views of service availability among respondents from the Central region, and differences in views of accessibility and effectiveness among those in Southern Ontario. Possible explanations for these trends are discussed.Item Open Access Short Report: Emergency Service Experiences of Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability(Sage Publishing, 2018) Tint, Ami; Palucka, Anna M.; Bradley, Elspeth; Weiss, Jonathan; Lunsky, YonaThis study aimed to describe patterns of emergency department use and police interactions, as well as satisfaction with emergency services of 40 adults with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability over 12 to 18 months. Approximately 42.5% of the sample reported visiting the emergency department and 32.5% reported interactions with police during the study period. Presenting concerns for emergency department use and police interactions varied widely, highlighting the heterogeneous needs of this population. On average, participants reported being dissatisfied with care received in the emergency department while police interactions were rated relatively more favourably.Item Open Access Victimization and Perpetration Experiences of Adults with Autism(Frontiers Media, 25/05/2018) Weiss, Jonathan; Fardella, Michelle A.This study aimed to describe the self-reported experiences of childhood and adult victimization and perpetration in adults with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) compared to a matched sample, and how victimization and perpetration are associated with autism-related difficulties. Forty-five adults with ASC and 42 adults without ASC completed questionnaires regarding violence victimization and perpetration, emotion regulation, and sociocommunicative competence. Participants with ASC reported experiencing, as children, more overall victimization; specifically, more property crime, maltreatment, teasing/emotional bullying, and sexual assault by peers, compared to participants without ASC. Participants with ASC also reported experiencing more teasing/emotional bullying in adulthood and greater sexual contact victimization. No significant differences were found between groups on perpetration. Sociocommunicative ability and emotion regulation deficits did not explain the heightened risk for victimization. Individuals with ASC have an increased vulnerability to violence victimization, which speaks to the need for interventions, and proactive prevention strategies.