Opportunity costs: Underemployment and mental health inequities between immigrant and Canadian-born labour force participants, a cross-sectional study

dc.contributor.authorMawani, Farah N.
dc.contributor.authorO'Campo, Patricia
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Peter
dc.date.accessioned2021-11-30T02:08:17Z
dc.date.available2021-11-30T02:08:17Z
dc.date.issued2021-09-25
dc.description.abstractObjectives To examine the association of underemployment (operationalized as unemployment or overqualification) to fair/poor self-rated mental health (SRMH) in: 1. labour force participants, 2. between a. immigrant vs. Canadian-born and b. recent (< 10 years in Canada; arrived 1993-2003) vs. long-term immigrant (³ 10 years in Canada) labour force participants. Methods Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2.1 (2003) was used to explore associations within the context of a 1993 national immigration policy shift prioritizing admission of skilled immigrants. Logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate odds ratios associating underemployment with fair/poor SRMH for the full study sample, then stratified by a. immigrant status, and b. length of time in Canada. Data was weighted to reflect the CCHS 2.1 sample design, adjustments for nonresponse, and post-stratification. The study sample included 57 308 labour force participants aged 18–64. Following a listwise deletion of participants with missing values for independent variables, dependent variable, and/or covariates, the resulting sample was 54 064 (94% of the eligible sample). Results Underemployment was positively associated to fair/poor SRMH for labour force participants. Overqualification was positively associated to fair/poor SRMH for immigrant (AOR 1.63; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.27), but not for Canadian-born labour force participants (AOR 1.03; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.20). Unemployment (AOR 3.41; 95% CI 1.79 to 6.48) and overqualification (AOR 1.52; 95% CI 1.04 to 2.21) only had significant positive associations with fair/poor SRMH for long-term immigrants. The magnitude of association of overqualification was greater for recent (AOR 2.04) than long-term immigrants and this may have practical importance. Conclusions The findings suggest the need for tailored interventions to prevent underemployment and fair/poor SRMH for immigrant vs. Canadian-born labour force participants. A whole of government approach is needed to reduce underemployment of immigrants and its mental health impact.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipDr. Farah N. Mawani: Current funding: - Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Health System Impact Fellowship. While designing and conducting this study: - CIHR Institute of Gender and Health Canada Graduate Scholarship Doctoral Research Award - CIHR Research in Addictions and Mental Health Policy & Services (RAMHPS) Fellowship - Statistics Canada Tom Symons Research Fellowship - Graduate Ontario Student Opportunity Trust Funds (OSOTF) Institute for Work and Health Graduate Fellowship - CP Shah Ontario Graduate Scholarship in Science and Technology - University of Toronto Open Fellowship.en_US
dc.identifier.citationMawani, F.N., O’Campo, P. & Smith, P. Opportunity Costs: Underemployment and Mental Health Inequities Between Immigrant and Canadian-Born Labour Force Participants: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. Migration & Integration (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-021-00896-0en_US
dc.identifier.issn1874-6365
dc.identifier.issn1488-3473
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-021-00896-0en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10315/38843
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringeren_US
dc.rightsThis version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review and is subject to Springer Nature’s Accepted Manuscript terms of use (https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/policies/accepted-manuscript-terms), but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-021-00896-0en_US
dc.subjectUnderemploymenten_US
dc.subjectUnemploymenten_US
dc.subjectOverqualificationen_US
dc.subjectMental healthen_US
dc.subjectSelf-rated mental healthen_US
dc.subjectImmigrantsen_US
dc.titleOpportunity costs: Underemployment and mental health inequities between immigrant and Canadian-born labour force participants, a cross-sectional studyen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

Files

Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Name:
AAM.10.1007.s12134-021-00896-0.pdf
Size:
2.71 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.83 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Description: