Liu, XiaLima de Melo Ghisi, GabrielaMeng, ShuGrace, SherryWendan, ShiZhang, LingGallagher, RobynOh, PaulAultman, CrystalSandison, NicoleDing, BiaoZhang, Yaqing2022-02-182022-02-182021-11Liu, X., Ghisi, G. L., Meng, S., Grace, S. L., Shi, W., Zhang, L., Gallagher, R., Oh, P., Aultman, C., Sandison, N., Ding, B., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Establishing a process to translate and adapt health education materials for natives and immigrants: The case of Mandarin adaptations of cardiac rehabilitation education. Heart & Lung, 50(6), 794–817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.06.0020147-9563https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.06.002http://hdl.handle.net/10315/39003Background: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a proven model of secondary prevention in which patient education is a core component. Objectives: to translate and culturally-adapt CR patient education for Mandarin-speaking patients living in China as well as immigrants, and offer recommendation for best practices in adaptation for both. Methods: these steps were undertaken in China and Canada: (1) preparation; (2) translation and adaptation; (3) review by healthcare providers based on PEMAT-P; (4) think-aloud review by patients; and (5) finalization. Results: Two independent Mandarin translations were undertaken using best practices: one domestic (China) and one international (immigrants). Input by 23 experts instigated revisions. Experts rated the language and content as culturally-appropriate, and perceived the materials would benefit their patients. A revised version was then administered to 36 patients, based on which a few edits were made to optimize understandability. Conclusions: some important differences emerged between translations adapted for native versus immigrant settings.en© 2021. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 InternationalPatient education as topicCardiac rehabilitationHealth educationTranslatingAsian continental ancestry groupArticlehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.06.002